Text 18 is a holiday advertisement from a railway company called 'Great Western Railway'.The purpose of the text is to persuade people to travel with the company. This is demonstrated by the sentence 'see your own country first', which suggests to the reader that travelling with the company will help them to discover parts of their country that they hadn't seen before, and signifies an introduction into sights that they may not have seen before. The sentence also carries the pragmatic implication that it provides a unique travel experience that the reader hasn't had before.
The purpose of the text is also illustrated using graphological elements. The words 'CORNWALL AND ITALY' are written in capital letters on the advert, which highlights them and makes the recognised by the reader as being one subject. Cornwall and Italy are considerable distant, but by including them in the same font the reader may get the impression that travelling with 'Great Western Railway' could provide them with an experience that is just as good as travelling to a place such as Italy, despite being in Cornwall or a place of similarity.
Visual literacy is another element used in the text. In the middle of the text is an image of two women of who are dressed in almost identical styles of clothing. On each side of the women is a map, on the left side a map showing Cornwall and on the right side a map of Italy. Presumably either women is meant to represent each area, and this visual representation by the company could cause the reader to perceive the two as being just as 'interesting' or holding as much value as one another. The women being almost identical as consolidates the point that the company is trying to get across, that travelling with them in your own area/country can be as much of an experience for them as travelling abroad. GWR pragmatically connotes to the reader the luxury of their travel by using two places that would usually be seen as being significantly contrasting, again a persuasive technique used to convince the reader.
The bottom sentence reads' There is a great similarity between Cornwall and Italy in shape, climate and natural beauties. This persuades the reader as it is implying/signifying that Cornwall and Italy are alike in many ways so there is no need to go abroad to Italy, (presumably by other means of transport) because GWR is a company that provides creates exactly the same environment/experience for the individual.
Tuesday, 14 October 2014
Monday, 13 October 2014
prescriptivism/descriptivism
The prescriptivist approach to language favours rules that identify a traditionally 'correct' use of language usage.
They disapprove of uses of language that break these certain rules.
The 18th century is when they were established;efforts to standardise the language were later developed.(e.g books of grammar).The aims of this approach could be to establish a standard language, to teach and construct what a particular society perceives is correct language, or to advise on effective communication. If usage preferences are conservative,prescription might appear resistant to a language change.
Prescriptivist approaches to language are mainly concerned with how the 'prescriptivist' recommends language should be used,or what is thought of as being the linguistically correct use of that particular language. This has a direct contrast with the approach of descriptive linguistics, which observes how language is actually used.
Descriptivist approach, or descriptive linguistics bears reference to the way language is actually spoken,rather than how people think it should be spoke,and seek to do this as accurately and objectively as possible. Linguistic description is frequently linked with linguistic prescription,which is most commonly found in education and publishing.
Prescription seeks to define standard language forms and give advice on effective language. It is seen by and thought of by many as a presentation of descriptive language in its most learnable form, even though it grasps onto on more subjective aspects of language.Prescription and description are complementary, but have different priorities which evidently come into conflict.
Descriptive is more considerate to language adaptation and change, and that it is more important to teach,study and practice, whereas prescriptivism is less considerate and more stubborn, not showing any attitudes that have changed from socially acceptable/ 'correct' language usage.
They disapprove of uses of language that break these certain rules.
The 18th century is when they were established;efforts to standardise the language were later developed.(e.g books of grammar).The aims of this approach could be to establish a standard language, to teach and construct what a particular society perceives is correct language, or to advise on effective communication. If usage preferences are conservative,prescription might appear resistant to a language change.
Prescriptivist approaches to language are mainly concerned with how the 'prescriptivist' recommends language should be used,or what is thought of as being the linguistically correct use of that particular language. This has a direct contrast with the approach of descriptive linguistics, which observes how language is actually used.
Descriptivist approach, or descriptive linguistics bears reference to the way language is actually spoken,rather than how people think it should be spoke,and seek to do this as accurately and objectively as possible. Linguistic description is frequently linked with linguistic prescription,which is most commonly found in education and publishing.
Prescription seeks to define standard language forms and give advice on effective language. It is seen by and thought of by many as a presentation of descriptive language in its most learnable form, even though it grasps onto on more subjective aspects of language.Prescription and description are complementary, but have different priorities which evidently come into conflict.
Descriptive is more considerate to language adaptation and change, and that it is more important to teach,study and practice, whereas prescriptivism is less considerate and more stubborn, not showing any attitudes that have changed from socially acceptable/ 'correct' language usage.
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