Text 18 is a holiday advertisement from a railway company called 'Great Western Railway'.The purpose of the text is to persuade people to travel with the company. This is demonstrated by the sentence 'see your own country first', which suggests to the reader that travelling with the company will help them to discover parts of their country that they hadn't seen before, and signifies an introduction into sights that they may not have seen before. The sentence also carries the pragmatic implication that it provides a unique travel experience that the reader hasn't had before.
The purpose of the text is also illustrated using graphological elements. The words 'CORNWALL AND ITALY' are written in capital letters on the advert, which highlights them and makes the recognised by the reader as being one subject. Cornwall and Italy are considerable distant, but by including them in the same font the reader may get the impression that travelling with 'Great Western Railway' could provide them with an experience that is just as good as travelling to a place such as Italy, despite being in Cornwall or a place of similarity.
Visual literacy is another element used in the text. In the middle of the text is an image of two women of who are dressed in almost identical styles of clothing. On each side of the women is a map, on the left side a map showing Cornwall and on the right side a map of Italy. Presumably either women is meant to represent each area, and this visual representation by the company could cause the reader to perceive the two as being just as 'interesting' or holding as much value as one another. The women being almost identical as consolidates the point that the company is trying to get across, that travelling with them in your own area/country can be as much of an experience for them as travelling abroad. GWR pragmatically connotes to the reader the luxury of their travel by using two places that would usually be seen as being significantly contrasting, again a persuasive technique used to convince the reader.
The bottom sentence reads' There is a great similarity between Cornwall and Italy in shape, climate and natural beauties. This persuades the reader as it is implying/signifying that Cornwall and Italy are alike in many ways so there is no need to go abroad to Italy, (presumably by other means of transport) because GWR is a company that provides creates exactly the same environment/experience for the individual.
Tuesday, 14 October 2014
Monday, 13 October 2014
prescriptivism/descriptivism
The prescriptivist approach to language favours rules that identify a traditionally 'correct' use of language usage.
They disapprove of uses of language that break these certain rules.
The 18th century is when they were established;efforts to standardise the language were later developed.(e.g books of grammar).The aims of this approach could be to establish a standard language, to teach and construct what a particular society perceives is correct language, or to advise on effective communication. If usage preferences are conservative,prescription might appear resistant to a language change.
Prescriptivist approaches to language are mainly concerned with how the 'prescriptivist' recommends language should be used,or what is thought of as being the linguistically correct use of that particular language. This has a direct contrast with the approach of descriptive linguistics, which observes how language is actually used.
Descriptivist approach, or descriptive linguistics bears reference to the way language is actually spoken,rather than how people think it should be spoke,and seek to do this as accurately and objectively as possible. Linguistic description is frequently linked with linguistic prescription,which is most commonly found in education and publishing.
Prescription seeks to define standard language forms and give advice on effective language. It is seen by and thought of by many as a presentation of descriptive language in its most learnable form, even though it grasps onto on more subjective aspects of language.Prescription and description are complementary, but have different priorities which evidently come into conflict.
Descriptive is more considerate to language adaptation and change, and that it is more important to teach,study and practice, whereas prescriptivism is less considerate and more stubborn, not showing any attitudes that have changed from socially acceptable/ 'correct' language usage.
They disapprove of uses of language that break these certain rules.
The 18th century is when they were established;efforts to standardise the language were later developed.(e.g books of grammar).The aims of this approach could be to establish a standard language, to teach and construct what a particular society perceives is correct language, or to advise on effective communication. If usage preferences are conservative,prescription might appear resistant to a language change.
Prescriptivist approaches to language are mainly concerned with how the 'prescriptivist' recommends language should be used,or what is thought of as being the linguistically correct use of that particular language. This has a direct contrast with the approach of descriptive linguistics, which observes how language is actually used.
Descriptivist approach, or descriptive linguistics bears reference to the way language is actually spoken,rather than how people think it should be spoke,and seek to do this as accurately and objectively as possible. Linguistic description is frequently linked with linguistic prescription,which is most commonly found in education and publishing.
Prescription seeks to define standard language forms and give advice on effective language. It is seen by and thought of by many as a presentation of descriptive language in its most learnable form, even though it grasps onto on more subjective aspects of language.Prescription and description are complementary, but have different priorities which evidently come into conflict.
Descriptive is more considerate to language adaptation and change, and that it is more important to teach,study and practice, whereas prescriptivism is less considerate and more stubborn, not showing any attitudes that have changed from socially acceptable/ 'correct' language usage.
Tuesday, 30 September 2014
video analysis
our innate ability is the supposed reason as to how well or how much we can learn/develop our language.
Language relies on various cognitive processes
Animals cannot speak like humans due to the different structures in their anatomy.
Humans have a gene which allows then to piece words and sentences together.
Their is a direct link between the brain and language that we use.
-Animals cannot speak like humans due to their different anatomy
- The brain and language are connected
- Different sections of the brain are for different uses for example the left part of the brain is for language, the front part for speaking, the back part is for understanding
-language relies on many different processes
-language is innate
-normal song was created by the finches despite never hearing it
-there is a gene which allows us to create words and sequences.
Language relies on various cognitive processes
Animals cannot speak like humans due to the different structures in their anatomy.
Humans have a gene which allows then to piece words and sentences together.
Their is a direct link between the brain and language that we use.
-Animals cannot speak like humans due to their different anatomy
- The brain and language are connected
- Different sections of the brain are for different uses for example the left part of the brain is for language, the front part for speaking, the back part is for understanding
-language relies on many different processes
-language is innate
-normal song was created by the finches despite never hearing it
-there is a gene which allows us to create words and sequences.
Wednesday, 18 June 2014
language and gender
The History of the word 'fiance' and 'fiancee'.
Fiancee is a derivative of french meanings...
Fiancee- "woman to whom one is betrothed," 1853, from French fianceé, fem. of fiancé, past participle of fiancer "to betroth," from fiance "a promise, trust," from fier "to trust,"
It is now obsolete ,instead of being used as a verb like in the past, it is now used to suggest that someone is engaged.
Fiance- A man that a woman is engaged to be married to. Again 'fiance' derives from french language.
French, from Middle French, from past participle of fiancer to promise, betroth, from Old French fiancier, from fiance promise, trust, from fier to trust, from Vulgar Latin *fidare, alteration of Latin fidere— more at bide
Fiancee is a derivative of french meanings...
Fiancee- "woman to whom one is betrothed," 1853, from French fianceé, fem. of fiancé, past participle of fiancer "to betroth," from fiance "a promise, trust," from fier "to trust,"
It is now obsolete ,instead of being used as a verb like in the past, it is now used to suggest that someone is engaged.
Fiance- A man that a woman is engaged to be married to. Again 'fiance' derives from french language.
French, from Middle French, from past participle of fiancer to promise, betroth, from Old French fiancier, from fiance promise, trust, from fier to trust, from Vulgar Latin *fidare, alteration of Latin fidere— more at bide
First Known Use: 1838
Male term also has a link with latin language.
History of the word Nightmare
"Nightmare" evokes the modern word for a female horse but the terms are wholly unrelated. The word derives from the Old English "mare", a mythological demon or goblin who torments others with frightening dreams.[3] Subsequently, the prefix "night-" was added to stress the dream-aspect. The word "nightmare" is cognate with the older German term Nachtmahr.
Friday, 7 March 2014
The History of The Internet
The internet first become to develop with the development of electronic computers in the 1950's. The main vision and purpose that was meant to happen was for people at multiple locations to be able to communicate and interact at a 'live' rate. This came into play when the first message was sent from from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). It was sent over the ARPANet, which later evolved into the internet, and from then on the internet has been constantly improving and providing more oppurtunities for communication.
In the early stages messages could only be sent between areas that were connected to the same network, but in 1982, when the Internet Protocol suite was standardized, the concept of a world-wide network of interconnected TCP/IP networks, called the Internet, was introduced.
Since the mid 1990's, the internet has had a revolutionary impact on the culture and language of modern society. Since we have had developments of instant communication such as electronic mail, instant messaging, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) "phone calls", two-way interactive video calls, and the World Wide Web, we have never found it easier, and quicker to communicate with one another, whether it is someone across the street or family in a different country.
Even since instant messaging, there have been developments such as social networking websites, where people can share with the rest of the world where they are and what they are doing, and because in modern society it is all about how quick and efficient something is, slang terms began to develop, in a bid to decrease message time and space used. With things like emojis and phones with keypads being introduced, people began to experiment with combinations of characters that spell out and mean the same term. For example expressions like 'LOL'(laugh out loud) and 'BRB' (be right back) are being used in instant messaging in a way to 'look cool' and use 'slang'. But they are now also being used in real life by the younger generation, and they are now an established part of modern language.
In the early stages messages could only be sent between areas that were connected to the same network, but in 1982, when the Internet Protocol suite was standardized, the concept of a world-wide network of interconnected TCP/IP networks, called the Internet, was introduced.
Since the mid 1990's, the internet has had a revolutionary impact on the culture and language of modern society. Since we have had developments of instant communication such as electronic mail, instant messaging, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) "phone calls", two-way interactive video calls, and the World Wide Web, we have never found it easier, and quicker to communicate with one another, whether it is someone across the street or family in a different country.
Even since instant messaging, there have been developments such as social networking websites, where people can share with the rest of the world where they are and what they are doing, and because in modern society it is all about how quick and efficient something is, slang terms began to develop, in a bid to decrease message time and space used. With things like emojis and phones with keypads being introduced, people began to experiment with combinations of characters that spell out and mean the same term. For example expressions like 'LOL'(laugh out loud) and 'BRB' (be right back) are being used in instant messaging in a way to 'look cool' and use 'slang'. But they are now also being used in real life by the younger generation, and they are now an established part of modern language.
Wednesday, 15 January 2014
Monday, 13 January 2014
reflection
For my actual coursework I would prefer to submit a piece of coursework of a restaurant review. When writing my draft review I felt that I was more comfortable, as I found it easier to explore and experiment with my lexical choices. I found this piece of coursework the easiest to plan and write. Also it helped with my editorial skills as I could implement things that went missing as I went along, because there were certain terms that didn't fit in with the setting I was trying to create, but after reading it through I was able to go into more detail and make changes to my review. The other pieces of coursework are more personal to me than this one, so because I was more familiar I found it harder to go into detail.
Writing a restaurant review was something that I have never done before, and because of this I learned new terms and a different writing style. I could vary my intelectuality and lexical choices when writing, and I was able to write my own opinions based on my own experience of the restaurant, and didn't have to stick to a particular writing style.
Writing a restaurant review was something that I have never done before, and because of this I learned new terms and a different writing style. I could vary my intelectuality and lexical choices when writing, and I was able to write my own opinions based on my own experience of the restaurant, and didn't have to stick to a particular writing style.
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